# Best of en.m.wikipedia.org on Kiwi News Page: https://news.kiwistand.com/source/en.m.wikipedia.org 13 stories from en.m.wikipedia.org have been shared on Kiwi News since 4 May 2023, with 24 upvotes and 5 comments in total. The latest was shared on 1 August 2025. They are listed below, most upvoted first. Summaries are AI summaries of the linked article. ## 1. Echoborg - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Echoborg?index=0x688d159f9bf7b0450eacedeaedb5110c9f7f287f6f90562d37882bb340199f19489cceb7 - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echoborg - Shared 1 August 2025, 6 upvotes, 1 comment An echoborg is a person whose words and actions are determined, in whole or in part, by an artificial intelligence. Social psychologists Kevin Corti and Alex Gillespie coined the term in 2014, based on research at the London School of Economics in which confederates had their words covertly supplied by Cleverbot and spoken with a delay via speech shadowing. Corti and Gillespie argue that other forms of human-AI interaction, such as computer-mediated conversation, alter the intersubjective relationship between human and artificial agents. The concept has also appeared in performance art as commentary on the growing ubiquity of AI. ## 2. L'esprit de l'escalier - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Lesprit-de-lescalier?index=0x661e787d355f98826e12381012e1b963cfc957d7d6882dbc4ee919b9012653c80de5e93b - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'esprit_de_l'escalier - Shared 16 April 2024, 3 upvotes, 1 comment L'esprit de l'escalier is a French term, used in English, for thinking of the perfect reply too late. The name comes from Denis Diderot's description in his "Paradoxe sur le comédien" of being left speechless during a dinner at the home of statesman Jacques Necker, because a sensitive man "doesn't come to himself again until at the bottom of the stairs." The stairs refer to mansion architecture, where reception rooms sat one floor up, so reaching the bottom means having left the gathering. Equivalents exist in Yiddish, German, Russian and Chinese. ## 3. Baumol effect - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Baumol-effect?index=0x64fe1fd8f239ec9704ba9245db98fdf96c9e34a25bb87491b50cda8ac762cb30b10bae55 - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect - Shared 10 September 2023, 3 upvotes, 1 comment The Baumol effect is the tendency for wages in low-productivity jobs to rise in response to wage gains in high-productivity sectors, making services such as health, education and the arts more expensive over time. William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen first described it in the 1960s, and Baumol later wrote that the rising costs of stagnant sectors "disproportionally affects the poor." In a 2008 study, William Nordhaus found that in the United States from 1948 to 2001, industries with lower productivity growth showed percentage-point for percentage-point higher growth in relative prices. ## 4. Law of Jante - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Law-of-Jante?index=0x6784fbbccf0679486345303e17dd6316f9cf5f3b0c7e022b801ab5b52b7b80de12963ce3 - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Jante - Shared 13 January 2025, 2 upvotes, 2 comments The Law of Jante is a fictional code of conduct, invented by Danish-Norwegian author Aksel Sandemose, whose name is now used colloquially for disapproval of individuality and personal success. Sandemose first formulated it as ten rules in his satirical 1933 novel A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks, set in the fictional town of Jante, modelled on his native Nykøbing Mors. Although intended as criticism, some critics in the 1990s argued the law had shifted to refer to personal criticism of people who want to rise above their social group. Kim Orlin Kantardjiev, a Norwegian politician and educational advisor, claims the law is taught in schools as a social code encouraging group behavior, and credits it with fueling Nordic countries' high happiness scores. ## 5. Caveat emptor - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Caveat-emptor?index=0x648dcd5e0bb4617e7fc507ced049ee54216101fea2d36eab91cbaf6009ceb1b7bd1dd1da - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveat_emptor - Shared 17 June 2023, 2 upvotes, 0 comments Caveat emptor is Latin for "let the buyer beware," a contract law principle that places the risk of defects on the buyer, mainly in real property sales after closing. The principle stems from information asymmetry, since sellers typically know more about the goods than buyers do. Under it, buyers could not recover damages for defects unless the seller actively concealed latent defects or made fraudulent misrepresentations. The article notes that in the UK, consumer law has moved away from this model, and consumer purchases are now governed by the Consumer Rights Act 2015. It also states that the principle is generally still held to apply to transactions between businesses. ## 6. Online analytical processing - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Online-analytical-processing?index=0x6838b5c03a9cfffaa52f44b7096e2f7c9e187fa9d9fef2cb3b7793624544e15659ae6230 - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_analytical_processing - Shared 29 May 2025, 1 upvote, 0 comments Online analytical processing (OLAP) is an approach for quickly answering multi-dimensional analytical queries, and the term was coined as a modification of online transaction processing (OLTP). OLAP tools let users analyse multidimensional data interactively through three basic operations: consolidation (roll-up), drill-down, and slicing and dicing. The article states that OLAP cubes can answer complex queries in around 0.1% of the time needed for the same query on OLTP relational data, mainly through precomputed aggregations. It describes MOLAP, which stores data in multidimensional arrays, and ROLAP, which works directly with relational databases without pre-computation. ## 7. Jevons paradox - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Jevons-paradox?index=0x67979aef854d0877957e08d929b3c59b34ed58d6d627c877b6f12eb8d11812ec105d906e - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox - Shared 27 January 2025, 1 upvote, 0 comments The Jevons paradox is the economic phenomenon in which technological improvements that make a resource's use more efficient lead to higher total consumption of that resource rather than lower. William Stanley Jevons described it in his 1865 book The Coal Question, observing that more efficient coal use in England led to greater coal consumption across many industries. Economists in the 1980s and 1992 later examined the effect for energy use; Harry Saunders named the resulting hypothesis the Khazzoom–Brookes postulate. The article notes considerable debate over how large the rebound effect is, and some environmental economists argue that efficiency gains should be paired with policies that keep the cost of use the same or higher. ## 8. Glicko Rating System - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Glicko-Rating-System?index=0x66dac7e13905eb6c5b82d3ca7649279d1f8e6612dd69e5fe46a6fe3d9403012c64e096aa - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glicko_rating_system - Shared 6 September 2024, 1 upvote, 0 comments The Glicko rating system, invented by Mark Glickman in 1995 as an improvement on the Elo rating system, assesses player strength in zero-sum two-player games. Its key addition is ratings deviation (RD), which measures the accuracy of a rating, so a player rated 1500 with an RD of 50 is expected to have a real strength between 1402 and 1598. The Glicko-2 system adds rating volatility to reflect how erratic a player's performances are. Both systems are in the public domain and have been implemented on platforms including Lichess, Chess.com, and Dota 2. ## 9. gov0 - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/gov0?index=0x665733ff4cef178e07844c8e7bb69e534173c713bb920596cad6eba5eda40221fab4601b - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G0v - Shared 29 May 2024, 1 upvote, 0 comments g0v is an open source, open government collaboration started in late 2012 in Taiwan by Chia-liang Kao ("clkao"), ipa, kirby and others, which remixes government websites into citizen-built forks. The movement's Real-Price Maps project, built by four Google.tw engineers from Ministry of the Interior transaction data, was shut down after a dispute with the government over server load and the legality of scraping. Its later Budget Maps project and the first Hackath0n, held December 1 at Academia Sinica's Institute of Information Science, helped launch the g0v.tw domain and community. ## 10. Path dependence - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Path-dependence?index=0x64b3fd9ae788acb7b5e09e56b701486e581838b5929ff4d92525205af14fad5b8261d238 - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_dependence - Shared 16 July 2023, 1 upvote, 0 comments Path dependence is the idea that past events or decisions constrain and shape later ones, often in disproportionate ways through mechanisms such as increasing returns and positive feedback. The videotape format war is cited as an example, where VHS gained dominance over Betamax from a negligible early lead through network effects, manufacturer bandwagoning, and Sony's refusal to license Betamax to pornography companies. The article also describes the standard railway gauge of 143.5 cm, traced to George Stephenson's work on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the late 1820s, and notes that Liebowitz and Margolis argue real-world cases of private locked-in inefficiency are rare. ## 11. Eristic - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Eristic?index=0x64900f47cebfcf66b7ba741001349e0a8d6e056d19373055bff819c5e99c72c2db9943df - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eristic - Shared 19 June 2023, 1 upvote, 0 comments Eristic is an approach to argument that aims to win a dispute rather than search for truth, a concept named after Eris, the ancient Greek goddess of strife. The Sophists, including Euthydemos and Dionysiodoros, popularized eristic as a question-and-answer teaching method in which students learned to refute an opponent whatever answer was given. Plato criticized eristic in contrast to dialectic and satirized it in the dialogue Euthydemus, while Arthur Schopenhauer treated eristic dialectic as a set of dishonest stratagems to be recognized and defeated, listing 38 of them in his Dialectica Eristica. ## 12. Poseur - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Poseur?index=0x6476fa1201f15dfb2bd2aea422eb6393ea04da4c216860b109ad5063a74b000fbe243d4f - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseur - Shared 31 May 2023, 1 upvote, 0 comments "Poseur" refers to someone who poses for effect, affects an attitude to impress others, or pretends to belong to a group, and the word is also used for an artist's model. Within subcultures such as punk, heavy metal and goth, it is often a pejorative for people who copy a group's dress or mannerisms without sharing its values. Examples cited include Oscar Wilde, James Whistler and Aristophanes' portrayal of Socrates in The Clouds, while the term appeared in punk songs such as X-Ray Spex's "I Am a Poseur". The English word derives from the French poseur, which comes from the Old French poser, meaning "to put, place, or set." ## 13. Levelized cost of electricity - Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Levelized-cost-of-electricity?index=0x64542949d105afa4145fcfb5822a87edc305f067e683fb4a37e75490e9c723164bcff30c - Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_electricity - Shared 4 May 2023, 1 upvote, 0 comments The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generator over its lifetime, used to compare generation methods on a consistent basis. The article states that LCOE is an estimate of production cost rather than the price of electricity, and that its outputs are highly sensitive to input values. It also says LCOE may not capture time effects such as dispatchability, and that the US Energy Information Administration recommended comparing non-dispatchable sources such as wind or solar to the levelized avoided cost of energy (LACE) in 2014. The article further notes that LCOE often ignores indirect costs and co-benefits, and that the discount rate is one of the most controversial inputs.