# Eristic

Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eristic
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Submitted by tim on 2023-06-19 UTC, 1 upvote, 0 comments

## Summary

Eristic is an approach to argument that aims to win a dispute rather than search for truth, a concept named after Eris, the ancient Greek goddess of strife. The Sophists, including Euthydemos and Dionysiodoros, popularized eristic as a question-and-answer teaching method in which students learned to refute an opponent whatever answer was given. Plato criticized eristic in contrast to dialectic and satirized it in the dialogue Euthydemus, while Arthur Schopenhauer treated eristic dialectic as a set of dishonest stratagems to be recognized and defeated, listing 38 of them in his Dialectica Eristica.

## Article

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In philosophy and rhetoric, eristic (from Eris, the ancient Greek goddess of chaos, strife, and discord) refers to an argument that aims to successfully dispute another's argument, rather than searching for truth. According to T.H. Irwin, "It is characteristic of the eristic to think of some arguments as a way of defeating the other side, by showing that an opponent must assent to the negation of what he initially took himself to believe."[1] Eristic is defined by Rankin as arguing for the sake of conflict, as opposed to resolving conflict.[2]

Eristic was a type of "question-and-answer"[3] teaching method popularized by the Sophists, such as Euthydemos and Dionysiodoros. Students learned eristic arguments to "refute their opponent, no matter whether he [said] yes or no in answer to their initial question".[4]

Plato contrasted this type of argument with dialectic and other more reasonable and logical methods (e.g., at Republic 454a). In the dialogue Euthydemus, Plato satirizes eristic. It is more than persuasion, and it is more than discourse. It is a combination that wins an argument without regard to truth. Plato believed that the eristic style "did not constitute a method of argument" because to argue eristically is to consciously use fallacious arguments, which therefore weakens one's position.[5]

Unlike Plato, Isocrates (often considered a Sophist) did not distinguish eristic from dialectic.[6] He held that both lacked a "'useful application' ... that created responsible citizens",[7] which unscrupulous teachers used for "enriching themselves at the expense of the youth."[8]

Philosophical eristic

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Schopenhauer considers that only logic pursues truth. For him, dialectic, sophistry, and eristic have no objective truth in view, but only the appearance of it; he believed that they do not seek truth itself but, rather, victory. He names these three last methods as "eristic dialectic (contentious argument)."[9]

According to Schopenhauer, Eristic Dialectic is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems,[10] so that they may at once be recognized and defeated, in order to continue with a productive dialectic debate. It is for this very reason that Eristic Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its selfish aim and purpose.

Argumentation theory

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Argumentation theory is a field of study that asks critical questions about eristic arguments and the other types of dialogue.

The Art of Being Right

Logical fallacy

Eris (mythology)

↑ Irwin, T.H. "Plato's Objection to the Sophists." The Greek World. London: Routledge, 1995. P. 585. Print.

↑ H.D. Rankin (1983). Sophists, Socratics and Cynics. Pp. 233–237.

↑ Nehamas A., 1990, "Eristic, Antilogic, Sophistic, Dialectic: Plato's Demarcation of Philosophy from Sophistry", History of philosophy quarterly, Vol.7 (1) p.3-16 (page 6)

↑ Irwin, T.H. "Plato's Objection to the Sophists." The Greek World. London: Routledge, 1995. 583. Print.

↑ Alexander Nehamas. "Eristic, Antilogic, Sophistic, Dialectic: Plato's Demarcation of Philosophy from Sophistry". (page 7).

↑ "Plato, Republic, Book 5, section 454a". www.perseus.tufts.edu.

↑ Marsh, Charles. Classical rhetoric and modern public relations: an Isocratean model. New York: Routledge, 2013. P. 121.

↑ "Isocrates, Antidosis, section 45". www.perseus.tufts.edu.

↑ Controversial Dialectic Archived 2007-07-15 at the Wayback Machine on CoolHaus.de accessed at January 19, 2008

↑ In his Dialectica Eristica Schopenhauer presents 38 eristic stratagems

Schopenhauer, Arthur. Eristische Dialektik, 1830.

Encyclopædia Britannica defines eristic

Arthur Schopenhauer's Eristische Dialektik:

German and English version of Eristische Dialektik Archived 2002-12-15 at the Wayback Machine

German version of Eristische Dialektik