# Turkey illusion

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_illusion
Kiwi News: https://news.kiwistand.com/stories/Turkey-illusion?index=0x64e4759be12f6fd456b55ffb5c56ac34aecc8340aeb55c5bb29493b23668d25ba1dfb8b6
Submitted by tim on 2023-08-22 UTC, 3 upvotes, 0 comments

## Summary

The Turkey illusion is a cognitive bias in which surprise follows a break in a trend whose causes or framework conditions are unknown. Bertrand Russell introduced the concept to illustrate a problem with inductive reasoning, and the article describes a variation in which a Thanksgiving turkey grows more confident each day it is fed, until it is slaughtered by the person who cared for it. The article says the turkey cannot recognize the trend break because it lacks the information about the feeder's motivations needed to do so.

## Article

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Turkey illusion is a cognitive bias describing the surprise resulting from a break in a trend, if one does not know the causes or the framework conditions for this trend.[1] The concept was first introduced by Bertrand Russell[2] to illustrate a problem with inductive reasoning.

Relevant disciplines for uncovering such biases include psychology and behavioral economics.[1]

In a variation from Russell's original, a turkey designated for Thanksgiving is fed and cared for every day until it is slaughtered.[3][4] With each feeding, its certainty or confidence that nothing will happen to it increases, based on past experience. From the turkey's point of view, the certainty that it will be fed and cared for again the next day is greatest on the night before it dies, of all days. Nevertheless, it is slaughtered that day, by the very person who cared for it.

The story appears in Bertrand Russell's 1912 The Problems of Philosophy as relating to a chicken:

The man who has fed the chicken every day throughout its life at last wrings its neck instead, showing that more refined views as to the uniformity of nature would have been useful to the chicken.

The slaughter comes as a complete surprise to the turkey, who - in anthropomorphic formulation - "only extrapolates a trend" and "does not recognize the impending trend break". To recognize this trend break, the turkey would have had to find out the causes of the trend. By doing so, it would have known about the motivational state of the human who feeds it every day. In order to "think outside the box" and leave known or familiar thought patterns, creativity and the ability to change perspectives are necessary. This is not possible for the turkey due to insufficient information.[5]

Problem of induction

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

1 2 Wenski, Guido (2022). Das kleine Handbuch kognitiver Irrtümer : Denkfehler vermeiden - mit Psychologie et Verhaltensökonomik (1st 2022 ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-662-64776-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

↑ Gigerenzer, Gerd. "Intelligence and decision-making". psycnet.apa.org.

↑ Sarpong, Prince Kwasi (2017). Trading in chaos : analysis of active management in a fractal market (Doctoral thesis).

↑ Nachrichten, Salzburger (14 January 2020). "Kabarett mit Mehrwert: Neues Programm von Thomas Maurer". www.sn.at (in German). Retrieved 10 December 2022.

↑ Fox, Justin (20 June 2014). "Instinct Can Beat Analytical Thinking". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 10 December 2022.