A simple L2 security and finalization roadmap

The author proposes a 2-of-3 proof architecture combining optimistic, ZK and TEE provers as a pragmatic route for EVM rollups to reach Stage 2 with faster finality. In this design, a state root approved by both a ZK prover and a TEE prover is finalized immediately, while a root approved by only one is finalized after 7 days only if the optimistic proof game also unambiguously favors it. The author argues the architecture is arguably the only way to satisfy these constraints, since ZK and OP bugs are far less likely to coincide than two ZK bugs. The piece also calls for standardized Ethereum-wide proof aggregation layers so that N applications can pay the roughly 500,000 gas proving cost once instead of N times.