Ethereum whitepaper

The page presents the original Ethereum whitepaper, published in 2014 before Ethereum launched, and notes that it no longer fully reflects Ethereum today. Since then, Ethereum moved from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake in The Merge (2022), layer 2 scaling solutions emerged, and DeFi, NFTs and DAOs became major use cases. The paper proposes a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete programming language for encoding arbitrary state transition functions as contracts, and it also covers Bitcoin's proof-of-work consensus.