European electricity prices and costs | Ember

This Ember tool compares European wholesale electricity prices, carbon prices and the short run marginal costs of generating power from hard coal and fossil gas, along with historic levelised costs for solar PV and onshore wind in selected countries. It shows how wholesale prices are affected by fossil fuel and carbon costs, which the page describes as the largest single contributor to consumer electricity prices. The page replaces Ember's earlier carbon price tracker and European power price tracker, and its wind and solar cost data are based on IRENA's Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024, published in July 2025. Wholesale prices are described as what generators are paid, not retail prices or total end-user costs.