What is a reorg? Implications and Future Directions

Blockchain reorganizations, or reorgs, occur when validators disagree on the canonical chain, typically due to simultaneous block production, network latency, bugs, or malicious attacks. The article says reorgs delay transaction confirmations, worsen user experience, and increase node costs over time. It presents robust fork choice rules and Proof-of-Stake consensus, including Ethereum's Gasper fork choice rule and its Beacon Chain, as ways to reduce reorgs and strengthen network security.