Why Ethereum Needs a Dynamically Available Protocol

Luca Zanolini argues that Ethereum's next consensus protocol needs a dynamically available heartbeat layer, meaning the chain keeps producing blocks as long as a majority of currently awake stake is honest. The article cites Ethereum's record of never going offline, including a lowest recorded block proposal rate of about 90% during the May 2023 consensus client incident. It proposes Goldfish as the protocol for this layer, with a randomly selected committee of about 256 validators per slot, and says this would let attestations fit within a single subnet broadcast without aggregation rounds.