Fulu-Osaka (Fusaka)

Ethereum's Fusaka upgrade went live on December 3, 2025, following Pectra and combining the Osaka execution-layer upgrade with the Fulu consensus-layer version. The headline feature is PeerDAS, under which each full node stores only 1/8th of blob data, enabling a theoretical scale-up of up to 8x for layer 2 data. The upgrade also adds blob-parameter-only forks, which let clients raise blob targets between major upgrades, and sets the default gas limit to 60 million, paired with a per-transaction gas cap of 16,777,216 (2^24).