Multidimensional gas pricing

Vitalik Buterin's post argues that Ethereum's single "gas" resource treats distinct limits as interchangeable, and that multidimensional gas pricing can fix this. Gas merges raw computation, storage access, data bandwidth and ZK-SNARK proving cost, so the gas limit can exclude safe blocks or accept unsafe ones. The post says EIP-4844 blobs already added a separate data dimension, making rollups about 100x cheaper and raising the theoretical maximum block size only from ~1.9 MB to ~2.6 MB. It also proposes separate storage-access limits for stateless clients, such as 1,000 average and 2,000 per-block accesses, and a stateless-client-proof-gas dimension. The post presents EIP-7623's per-transaction max rule as a simpler but weaker step, and says the ideal approach is multidimensional EIP-1559 pricing.