Scaling Ethereum L1 and L2s in 2025 and beyond

Vitalik Buterin argues that Ethereum should keep scaling mainly through layer 2 rollups while making them meet the security and interoperability standards they were meant to have. He says L2s now secure billions of dollars and are scaling Ethereum's transaction capacity by 17x, and that blobs are the main bottleneck. After EIP-4844 provided 3 blobs per slot, Pectra was scheduled for March to double that to 6, with PeerDAS then expected to add another 2-4x.