Trusted Enclaves

Trusted Execution Environments are isolated, encrypted areas within a device's main processor that keep code and data confidential even if the main operating system is compromised, and the article presents them as a way to bridge blockchains' limits. Apple's Secure Enclave, which handles FaceID, is one example, and Intel, AMD, ARM, Qualcomm and Nvidia also offer TEEs. Blockchains have limited processing power, with Ethereum blocks produced every 12 seconds and holding at most 2 MB, and they lack native privacy. Remote attestations, cryptographic reports signed by genuine TEE hardware, can be posted on-chain so smart contracts can verify that trusted code is running.